International & Great Northern (I&GN) Railroad o Completed its line from San Antonio to Laredo, added Galveston access, and built a main line from Houston to Fort Worth. o Dominated Texas railroads for years and was acquired by Jay Gould in 1880, briefly lost, and reacquired in 1891; his son George led it for 25 years. o Emerged from receivership in 1922 as the International-Great Northern (I-GN) Railroad. o Acquired by Missouri Pacific (MP) in 1925 and later by Union Pacific (UP) in 1982; merged into UP in 1997. o Most lines remain active under UP, except the abandoned Fort Worth route. San Antonio & Aransas Pass (SA&AP) Line o Became part of Southern Pacific (SP) in 1925. o SP abandoned the line from Giddings through Rockdale to Cameron in 1959, Decommission Tower 54. Rockdale, Sandow & Southern (RS&S) Railroad o Originated as a six-mile mine spur built by Federal Fuel Co. in 1919. o Became a common carrier in 1924 to support lignite shipments; sought ICC approval for interstate rate authority but was denied due to regulatory precedent from Tap Line Cases. o Continued local service until lignite use declined, ending in 1950. Rebirth for Aluminum Transport o In 1952, Alcoa built a smelter near the mine and upgraded RS&S for shipping aluminum and ores. o ICC approved interstate rate authority due to expanded operations. o The Rockdale smelter became the world's largest but was shut down in 2008 due to pollution issues. Present Status o Alcoa sold the land in 2021 to developers; plans for a massive industrial complex were announced in 2023. o RS&S tracks remain intact but out of service.